Essay about gossamer years analysis

Essay about gossamer years analysis Essay about gossamer years analysis According to the book The Gossamer Years, gender play a relative unbalanced role in the distribution of the wealth and power during the Heian period. Men owned the most of wealth and power and thus women could hardly have access to the wealth and power. From my perspective from the book, women only had a freedom of action.In the book The Gossamer Years, the author tried to deliver the emotion which could described as unhappy and disappointed to the marriage,even the society through the actions and observations including in the book. She compiled her memoirs which could be regarded the detailed description of life of a noblewoman. According to these detailed memoirs, she depicted the uneven standings between men and women and the sympathetic daily life for a noblewoman residing in the period of Heian Japan. Throughout the the book The gossamer Years, we can know that the men in the aristocracy hierarchy could have multiple lovers From the perspective of men at that period, the right t o have multiple wives could be seen as the symbol of high status and dominant of the society. However, it is really pitied for the women there who could not get the complete love from their husband. According to the detailed description in the book, Fujiwara Kaneie sent sweet letters frequently to the author when they were falling in love with each other. Just as the note Kaneie left to the author in the beginning of the book, â€Å"I had hoped to spend at least today with you, but the indications are that this would not be convenient. Have you left me and become a hermit?†(page 35). We could see Kaneie took a lot effort including sending letters and frequently visiting to court the aurthor. However, they got far away from each other after Kaneie got married with his another wife. The relationship between them came to be worse and worse. Kaneie visited less frequently in the following days :â€Å"His visits became still more infrequent. I began to feel listless and absent-mi nded as I had never been before†.(page 40) . The relationship between them came to be worse and worse . â€Å" Then he seemed to assure me of dependability;but the place he called home was not obviously here,and our relationship was far away from what I would have had it.†(page 51) Finally, she literally had nothing left except only one child and â€Å"he life is rich only in sorrow and loneliness†.(page 52) We could concluded that it’s a completely failure marriage for the author but it is destined to be failure at that period. Women could not get the same standing as men and men usually took few accounts of their

Restoring the American Chestnut Tree

Restoring the American Chestnut Tree Glory Days of American Chestnut American chestnut was once the most important tree of the Eastern North American Hardwood Forest. One fourth of this forest was composed of native chestnut trees. According to a historical publication, many of the dry ridge tops of the central Appalachians were so thoroughly crowded with chestnut that, in early summer, when their canopies were filled with creamy-white flowers, the mountains appeared snow-capped. The Castanea dentata  (scientific name) nut was a central part of eastern rural economies. Communities enjoyed eating chestnuts and their livestock was fed and fattened by the nut. The nuts not consumed were sold if a market was available. Chestnut fruit was an important cash crop for many Appalachian families that lived near rail hubs. Holiday chestnuts were transported to New York, Philadelphia and to other big-city dealers who sold them to street vendors who sold them fresh-roasted. American Chestnut was also a major lumber producer and used by home builders and woodworkers. According to the American Chestnut Foundation or TACF, the tree grew straight and often branch-free for fifty feet. Loggers tell of loading entire railroad cars with boards cut from just one tree. Straight-grained, lighter in weight than oak and more easily worked, chestnut was as rot resistant as redwood. The tree was used for nearly every wood product of the day - utility poles, railroad ties, shingles, paneling, fine furniture, musical instruments, even paper. The American Chestnut Tragedy A devastating chestnut disease was first introduced in North America from an exported tree to New York City in 1904.This new American chestnut blight, caused by the chestnut blight fungus and presumably brought in from eastern Asia, was first found in only a few trees in the New York Zoological Garden. The blight rapidly spread to northeastern American forests and in its wake left only dead and dying stems in what was a healthy chestnut forest. By 1950, American chestnut had tragically disappeared except for shrubby root sprouts the species still continually produces (and which also quickly become infected). Like many other introduced diseases and insect pests, the blight quickly spread. The chestnut, being completely defenseless, faced wholesale destruction. The blight ultimately invaded every tree throughout the entire range of the chestnut, where now only rare remnant sprouts are found. But with these sprouts bring some hope of reestablishing American chestnut. For decades, plant pathologists and breeders have tried to create a blight-resistant tree by crossing our own species with other chestnut species from Asia. Native chestnut trees also exist in isolated areas where the blight is not found and are being studied.   Restoring the American Chestnut Advances in genetics have given researchers new directions and ideas. Working and understanding the complex biological processes of blight resistance still need further study and improved nursery science. TACF is a leader in American chestnut restoration and confident that we now know we can have this precious tree back.   In 1989, The American Chestnut Foundation established the Wagner Research Farm. The purpose of the farm was to continue a breeding program for ultimately saving the American chestnut. Chestnut trees have been planted at the farm, crossed, and grown at various stages of genetic manipulation. Their breeding program is designed to do two things: Introduce into the American chestnut the genetic material responsible for blight resistance.Preserve the genetic heritage of the American species. Modern techniques are now being used in restoration, but success is measured in decades of genetic hybridization. An elaborate and time-consuming breeding program of backcrossing and intercrossing new cultivars is TACFs plan to develop a chestnut that will exhibit virtually every Castanea dentata  characteristic. The ultimate desire is a tree that is fully resistant and, when crossed, the resistant parents will breed true for resistance. The breeding method began by crossing the ​Castanea mollissima and ​Castanea dentata  to obtain a hybrid which was one-half American and one-half Chinese. The hybrid was then crossed to another American chestnut to obtain a tree which is three-fourths dentata and one-fourth mollissima. Each further cycle of backcrossing reduces the Chinese fraction by a factor of one-half. The idea is to dilute out all of the Chinese chestnut characteristics except for blight resistance down to where trees are fifteen-sixteenths dentata, one-sixteenth mollissima. At that point of dilution, most trees will be indistinguishable by experts from pure dentata trees. Researchers at TACF report that the process of seed production and testing for blight resistance now requires about six years per backcross generation and five years for intercross generations. Says TACF about the future of a resistant American chestnut: We planted our first set of intercross progeny from the third backcross in 2002. Well have progeny from the second intercross and our first line of blight  resistant American chestnuts will be ready for planting in less than five years!